High Levels of Shading as A Sustainable Application for Mitigating Drought, in Modern Apple Production

The sustainability of reducing light in apple orchards under well-watered (ww) and water stress (ws) conditions was evaluated for relations, plant gas exchanges, fruit growth, yield determinants, quality over three years. A black (B) 28% shading net compared with two different 50% nets: red (R) white (W). Each combined irrigation regimes (ww ws) based on status. Under ww ws conditions, increasing shade from to not detrimental yield, or Higher improved status regardless regime. could be considered sustainable several seasons. Fruit more sensitive than reduction. increased soluble solid content relative dry matter, shading, this positively reflected consumer’s preference. When availability is limited, can help save maintain high-quality yields associated stress. Given the likely reductions agriculture, growers consultants may consider as a safe horticultural technique water.